Projected GDP Growth of Major Economies by 2075: A Look at the Future

Source: Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research

 Introduction

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Goldman Sachs have projected the GDP of various major economies through to 2075, highlighting significant shifts in the global economic landscape. The forecasts suggest major changes in the hierarchy of economic power, with emerging markets such as China and India making substantial gains, while traditional powerhouses like the U.S., Germany, and Japan will experience slower growth. Let’s dive into the details of these projections and what they mean for the future of the global economy.

2028 vs. 2075 GDP Projections: Key Highlights

Below are the GDP projections (in USD) for some of the world's largest economies for the years 2028 and 2075:

1. China

   • 2028: $27.4 trillion
   • 2075: $57 trillion
   • Insight: China is expected to remain the world’s largest economy, with its GDP more than doubling by 2075. This growth will be driven by continued industrial expansion, technological advancement, and domestic consumption.

2. India

   • 2028: $5.5 trillion
   • 2075: $52.5 trillion
   • Insight: India is projected to see one of the fastest growth rates, closing in on China's GDP by 2075. Factors like a young population, rapid urbanization, and technological adoption will play a critical role.

3. United States

   • 2028: $32.3 trillion
   • 2075: $51.5 trillion
   • Insight: The U.S. will continue to grow but at a slower pace compared to emerging economies. The American economy will likely face challenges from an aging population and high debt levels.

4. Indonesia

   • 2028: $2 trillion
   • 2075: $13.7 trillion
   • Insight: Indonesia is set to become a major economic player, with its GDP increasing nearly sevenfold by 2075. Its growth will be fueled by demographic advantages and expanding manufacturing capabilities.

5.  Nigeria

   • 2028: $0.9 trillion
   • 2075: $13.1 trillion
   • Insight: Nigeria’s economic rise will be dramatic, driven by a large and growing population, natural resources, and increased investment in infrastructure. By 2075, it could rival Indonesia in terms of economic size.

6. Brazil

   • 2028: $2.7 trillion
   • 2075: $8.7 trillion
   • Insight: Brazil will continue to grow as a leading economy in Latin America, driven by its agricultural exports, energy resources, and expanding middle class.

7. Germany

   • 2028: $5 trillion
   • 2075: $8.1 trillion
   • Insight: As Europe's largest economy, Germany is expected to grow steadily. However, its expansion will be slower compared to emerging markets due to an aging population and industrial transition challenges.

8. United Kingdom

   • 2028: $4.2 trillion
   • 2075: $7.6 trillion
   • Insight: The UK will see moderate growth, supported by finance, technology, and services sectors. Post-Brexit, it will need to strengthen trade ties with emerging markets.

9. Japan

   • 2028: $5.3 trillion
   • 2075: $7.5 trillion
   • Insight: Japan’s growth will be slow due to its aging population and low birth rate, which pose significant economic challenges.

10. Russia

• 2028: $2.2 trillion
• 2075: $6.9 trillion
• Insight: Russia is projected to grow, largely based on its natural resources. However, economic diversification will be crucial to sustain long-term growth.

11.  France

• 2028: $3.3 trillion
• 2075: $6.5 trillion
• Insight: France’s economy will see steady growth with a focus on technology and green energy, but demographic challenges could slow the pace.

12. Saudi Arabia

• 2028: $1.2 trillion
• 2075: $6.1 trillion
• Insight: The kingdom will grow significantly, with diversification efforts under Vision 2030 and investments in non-oil sectors driving expansion.

13. Canada

• 2028: $2.6 trillion
• 2075: $5.2 trillion
• Insight: Canada is expected to continue its growth trajectory with natural resources, technology, and immigration playing key roles.

Key Takeaways

• Emerging Markets Take the Lead: Countries like China, India, Indonesia, and Nigeria are projected to experience substantial economic growth, driven by favorable demographics, industrialization, and resource management.
• Slower Growth for Developed Economies: Traditional powerhouses like the U.S., Japan, Germany, and the UK will continue to grow, but at a slower rate, with challenges such as aging populations and economic saturation.
• The Rise of Africa and Southeast Asia: Projections for Nigeria and Indonesia indicate that Africa and Southeast Asia will become important economic players by 2075.

Conclusion

The global economic landscape is poised for significant transformation by 2075, with emerging markets set to challenge the dominance of established economies. As the balance of economic power shifts, countries will need to adapt to changing dynamics to stay competitive. These projections offer a glimpse into the potential future and serve as a reminder of the ever-evolving nature of the global economy.